• Dietary management was foregrounded as a therapeutic strategy for hypertension and cardiovascular risk, with emphasis on sodium restriction, caloric balance, and patterned diets. Studies spanning rice-fruit dietary treatment, low-sodium regimens, and overall dietary therapy frame nutrition as a primary intervention in essential hypertension [1], [2], [3], [4], [6].

• Clinical nutrition devoted attention to surgical patients, highlighting parenteral nutrition and nitrogen balance in early postoperative care, as well as nutrition after gastric operations and gastrectomy, underscoring the metabolic demands and nutritional support requirements in surgical contexts [5], [10], [14], [19].

• Lipid-focused nutrition linked dietary fat intake to cholesterol levels and coronary disease, exploring both cholesterol-lowering effects of fat-free diets and associations between diet, serum cholesterol, and coronary artery disease [7], [9].

• Clinical nutrition addressed disease-specific dietary needs, including cerebral palsy dietary requirements and treatment approaches for peptic ulcer, illustrating tailored nutritional strategies in neurology and gastroenterology [11], [12], [13].

• Nutritional epidemiology framed health outcomes through population-level analyses, examining wartime effects on arteriosclerosis and broader links between nutrition, health status, and chronic diseases [1], [8].